
This book covers the basics of crude oil tanker operations, including cargo transfer, venting, purging, pump theory, and inert gas and crude oil washing systems.
The topics covered in this book range from the basics of crude oil chemistry to the economics of the oil market. Fundamentals of cargo operations, such as calculating cargo quantity, are explained in both theory and practice. This ensures that the basics of operating crude oil tankers and their related activities are not neglected; readers will be equipped with the required knowledge to perform operations fully and correctly.
The book is supported by photographs taken on board a new build VLCC.
1 Crude Oil Extraction
2
Crude
Oil
Chemistry
2.1
Classification
of
Crude
Oil
2.2
Properties
of
Crude
Oil
3
Measurement
of
Cargo
Quantity
3.1
Level
Measurement
(Tank
Gauging)
3.2
Temperature
Measurement
3.3
Detecting
Water
4
Calculating
Cargo
Quantity
4.1
Calculating
the
Cargo
Requirement
4.2
Calculating
the
Weight
of
Cargo
4.3
Calculating
the
Volume
of
Cargo
4.4
Cargo
Distribution
4.5
Load
Port
Calculations
4.6
Calculation
of
Cargo
Loaded
and
Discharged
4.7
Calculating
Residual
Quantities
4.8
Comparing
Onboard
Quantities
with
Bill
of
Lading
(B/L)
Figures
5
Loading
Rates
and
Venting
5.1
Maximum
Loading
Rate
5.2
Minimum
Loading
Rate
5.3
Topping
off
Loading
Rate
5.4
Cargo
Tank
Vetting
During
Loading
6
Preparing
for
Cargo
Transfer
6.1
Planning
6.2
Testing
and
Checking
Equipment
7
The
Loading
Operation
7.1
Initial
Loading
Phase
7.2
Full
Rate
Phase
7.3
Topping
off
and
changing
Over
Tanks
7.4
Completing
Phase
8
Pumping
and
Pump
Theory
8.1
Pressure
and
Head
8.2
Pump
Suction
Conditions
8.3
Pump
Discharge
Conditions
8.4
Construction
and
Principles
of
Operation
of
Centrifugal
Pumps
8.5
Pump
Suction
Conditions
8.6
Discharge
Conditions
8.7
Water
Hammer
8.8
Stripping
Systems
9
Cargo
Discharge
Operations
9.1
Commencement
of
Discharge
9.2
Discharging
at
Full
Rate
9.3
Stripping
9.4
Stripping
Line
Contents
10
Inert
Gas
10.1
Chemistry
of
Inert
Flue
Gas
10.2
Production
and
Processing
of
Inert
Flue
Gas
10.3
Preparing
the
IG
System
10.4
Primary
Inerting
10.5
Purging
10.6
Monitoring
Gas
Concentrations
10.7
Operation
of
the
IG
System
during
Cargo
Discharge
10.8
Cold
Weather
Precautions
when
Using
the
IG
System
11
Crude
Oil
Washing
(COW)
11.1
The
Chemistry
of
COW
11.2
Hazards
of
COW
11.3
COW
Methodology
11.4
Programming
COW
Machines
12
Ballasting,
Deballasting
and
Crude
Oil
Content
Discharge
Control
12.1
Ballast
Tank
Arrangements
12.2
Piping
and
Pumps
12.3
Venting
Arrangement
12.4
Oil
Discharge
Monitoring
and
Control
Equipment
(ODME)
12.5
Ballasting
and
Deballasting
Segregated
Ballast
Tanks
(SBTs)
12.6
Ballasting
and
Deballasting
Cargo
Tanks
12.7
Decanting
12.8
Ballast
Exchange
13
Preparing
for
Maintenance
13.1
Tank
Cleaning
/
Washing
13.2
Line
Washing
13.3
Gas
Freeing
13.4
Gas
Detection
and
Measurement
13.5
Operations
Requiring
Tank
Cleaning
and
Line
Washing
14
Contingencies
and
Emergencies
14.1
Cargo
Equipment
or
Systems
Failure
14.2
Problems
during
Pumping
14.3
Inert
Gas
System
Failure
14.4
Cargo
or
Ballast
Leakage
14.5
Marine
Pollution
14.6
Oil
Outflow
due
to
Hull
Damage
15
Crude
Oil
Trade,
Voyage
Fixing
and
Economics
15.1
Crude
Oil
Trading
15.2
Chartering
15.3
Charter
Types
15.4
Voyage
Economics
15.5
Crude
Oil
Trade
- Number of Pages:
- 192
- ISBN:
- 9781905331635
- Binding Format:
- Paperback
- Book Height:
- 280 mm
- Book Width:
- 165 mm
- Weight:
- 0.6 kg
- Author:
Paul Armitage
- Published Date:
- October 2009
- Preview:
- Yes