ISGOTT, 6th Edition International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals

This sixth edition has been updated by OCIMF and ICS together with the International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH). Support has also been provided by other industry associations including INTERTANKO, the Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators (SIGTTO) and the Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel (SGMF).

The book covers a range of topical issues including gas detection, the toxicity and toxic effects of petroleum products (including benzene and hydrogen sulphide), the generation of static electricity and stray currents, fire protection and the growing use of mobile electronic technology. Many areas of the book have been reappraised and new topics, such as cyber security, have been added.

The Ship/Shore Safety and Bunkering Operations Checklists have also been revised to reflect changes in the understanding of the impact of human factors on their effective use. The layout of the book has been significantly improved to make it easier to navigate, with the addition of coloured sections and tabs. The text is supported throughout with new and updated illustrations.

Effective management of health, safety and environmental protection is critical to the tanker and terminal industry and the International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) has become the standard reference on the safe operation of oil tankers and the terminals they serve.

ISGOTT was first published in 1978 by combining the contents of the Tanker Safety Guide (Petroleum) published by the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) and the International Oil Tanker and Terminal Safety Guide published on behalf of the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF). This revision of ISGOTT updates and replaces the prior Fifth Edition that was published in 2006 and has been reviewed by OCIMF and ICS together with the International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH). In addition, support has also been provided by other industry associations including the International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (INTERTANKO), the Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators (SIGTTO) and the Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel (SGMF), as well as specialists in topics such as human factors.

Through the combined effort of multidisciplinary subject matter experts from these industry leading organisations, this publication has been enhanced to ensure that it continues to reflect current best practice and legislation and, as a result, will maintain its position as a definitive reference for the safe operation of oil tankers and the marine terminals they visit.

This sixth edition encompasses the latest thinking on a range of topical issues including gas detection, the toxicity and the toxic effects of petroleum products (including benzene and hydrogen sulphide), the generation of static electricity and stray currents, fire protection and the growing use of mobile electronic technology.

In addition, the opportunity was taken to include new topics or to significantly reappraise topics previously covered that have undergone a shift in emphasis since the fifth edition. These include:

• Enclosed space entry.
• Human factors.
• Safety Management Systems (SMSs), including complementary tools and processes such as permits to work, risk assessment, Lock-out/Tag-out (LO/TO), Stop Work Authority (SWA) and their linkage to the underlying principles of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code.
• Marine terminal administration and the critical importance of the tanker/terminal interface.
• Alternative and emerging technologies.
• Bunkering operations, including the use of alternative fuels such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).
• Cargo inspectors.
• Alignment with OCIMF’s recently revised Mooring Equipment Guidelines.
• Maritime security and linkage to both the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code and industry’s maritime security Best Management Practices (BMP).

The Ship/Shore Safety and Bunkering Operations Checklists have also been completely revised to reflect changes in the understanding of the impact of human factors on their effective use. The importance of ensuring that individual and joint responsibilities for the tanker and the terminal are clearly communicated before arrival, as well as when alongside, is central to this objective.

The sixth edition retains the four-section format of:

• General Information
• Tanker Information
• Terminal Information
• Ship/Shore (Tanker/Terminal) Interface.

However, the layout has been significantly improved to make the book easier to navigate, with the addition of coloured sections and tabs. The text is supported throughout with new and updated illustrations.

PART 1 General Information

Chapter 1 Basic Properties and Hazards of Petroleum
1.1 Vapour pressure
1.2 Flammability
1.3 Density of hydrocarbon gases
1.4 Toxicity
1.5 Pyrophoric iron sulphide
1.6 The hazards associated with handling, storing and carrying residual fuel oils

Chapter 2 Gas Evolution and Measurement
2.1 Hydrocarbon gas evolution and dispersion
2.2 Loading very high vapour pressure cargoes
2.3 Volatile organic compounds
2.4 Gas measurement
2.5 Sampling
2.6 Fixed hydrocarbon gas detection systems

Chapter 3 Static Electricity
3.1 Principles of electrostatics
3.2 General precautions against electrostatic hazards
3.3 Other possible sources of electrostatic hazards

Chapter 4 Managing Hazards and Risks for Ship and Terminal
4.1 Management system
4.2 Risk management
4.3 Stop Work Authority
4.4 Lock-out/tag-out
4.5 Control of hazardous energy
4.6 Simultaneous operations
4.7 Permit to work systems
4.8 Personal safety
4.9 Preventing fire and explosion
4.10 Control of potential ignition sources
4.11 Electrical equipment and installations in hazardous areas
4.12 Portable electrical and electronic equipment
4.13 Communications equipment
4.14 Tools

Chapter 5 Fire Protection
5.1 Theory of firefighting
5.2 Types of fire and appropriate extinguishing agents
5.3 Extinguishing agents
5.4 Portable fire extinguishers
5.5 International shore fire connection
5.6 Water borne firefighting equipment
5.7 Protective clothing
5.8 Automatic fire detection systems

Chapter 6 Security
6.1 General
6.2 Threat and risk assessment
6.3 Security risk assessments
6.4 Cyber safety and security
6.5 Security plans
6.6 Responsibilities under the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code

Chapter 7 Human Factors
7.1 General
7.2 Identification and analysis of safety critical tasks
7.3 Design
7.4 Risk assessment
7.5 Procedures
7.6 Leadership
7.7 Confidence to stop work or speak up
7.8 Fatigue
7.9 Manning levels
7.10 Individual training, experience and competence
7.11 Practising team skills
7.12 Human factors in investigation and learning

Chapter 8 Alternative and Emerging Technologies
8.1 Definition
8.2 Examples
8.3 Due diligence process

PART 2 Tanker Information

Chapter 9 Management of Safety and Emergencies
9.1 The International Safety Management (ISM) Code
9.2 Safety management systems
9.3 Work planning and permit to work systems
9.4 Hot work
9.5 Electric welding equipment
9.6 Other hazardous tasks
9.7 Management of contractors
9.8 Managing simultaneous operations
9.9 Hazards on ships with exposed transverse frames
9.10 Repairs at a facility other than a shipyard
9.11 Shipboard emergency management

Chapter 10 Enclosed Spaces
10.1 Introduction to enclosed space entry safety
10.2 Safety management for entering enclosed spaces
10.3 Identifying enclosed spaces
10.4 The hazards of enclosed space atmospheres
10.5 General precautions
10.6 Authorisation of entry
10.7 Requirements for enclosed space entry
10.8 Precautions during entry into enclosed spaces
10.9 Work in enclosed spaces
10.10 Entering enclosed spaces with atmospheres known or suspected to be unsafe
10.11 Rescue and evacuation from enclosed spaces
10.12 Cargo pumproom entry precautions
10.13 Respiratory protective equipment

Chapter 11 Shipboard Systems
11.1 Fixed inert gas systems
11.2 Venting systems
11.3 Cargo and ballast systems
11.4 Power and propulsion systems
11.5 Vapour recovery systems
11.6 Volatile organic compound recovery systems
11.7 Stern loading and discharging arrangements

Chapter 12 Shipboard Operations
12.1 Cargo operations
12.2 Stability, stress, trim and sloshing considerations
12.3 Tank cleaning
12.4 Gas freeing
12.5 Crude oil washing
12.6 Ballast operations
12.7 Cargo leaks into double hull tanks
12.8 Cargo measurement, ullaging, dipping and sampling
12.9 Transfers between ships
12.10 Personnel transfer
12.11 Liquefied natural gas fuelled ship alongside a terminal
12.12 Lifting equipment

Chapter 13 Carrying and Storing Hazardous Materials
13.1 Liquefied gases
13.2 Ship’s stores
13.3 Cargo and bunker samples
13.4 Other materials
13.5 Packaged cargoes

Chapter 14 Special Ship Types
14.1 Combination carriers

PART 3 Marine Terminal Information

Chapter 15 Marine Terminal Administration
15.1 Marine terminal information system
15.2 Documentation

Chapter 16 Marine Terminal Operations
16.1 Limiting conditions for operations
16.2 Electrical storms
16.3 Double banking
16.4 Tanker/terminal access
16.5 Over the tide cargo operations
16.6 Operations where the tanker is not always afloat
16.7 Generation of pressure surges in pipelines
16.8 Reduction of pressure surge hazard
16.9 Hot work in hazardous areas in terminals
16.10 Pigging

Chapter 17 Marine Terminal Systems and Equipment
17.1 Electrical equipment
17.2 Lifting equipment
17.3 Lighting
17.4 Tanker/terminal electrical isolation
17.5 Earthing and bonding practice in the terminal

Chapter 18 Cargo Transfer Equipment
18.1 Marine loading arms
18.2 Cargo hoses
18.3 Vapour emission control systems
18.4 Cargo transfer drainage and containment
18.5 Emergency shutdown systems

Chapter 19 Marine Terminal Fire Protection
19.1 Marine terminal fire protection
19.2 Alarm and signalling systems
19.3 Detection and alarm systems at terminals
19.4 Firefighting equipment
19.5 Access for firefighting services

Chapter 20 Emergency Preparedness and Evacuation
20.1 Overview
20.2 Hierarchy of emergency scenarios
20.3 Terminal emergency planning – plan components and procedures
20.4 Spill response plan
20.5 Emergency evacuation and personnel escape routes
20.6 Training for emergencies and emergency exercises
20.7 Emergency removal of tanker from berth

PART 4 Ship/Shore (Tank/Terminal) Interface

Chapter 21 Communications
21.1 Procedures and precautions
21.2 Pre-arrival exchange of information
21.3 Pre-berthing exchange of information
21.4 Pre-transfer conference
21.5 Agreed loading plan
21.6 Agreed discharge plan
21.7 Agreement to carry out repairs

Chapter 22 Mooring and Berthing
22.1 Mooring safety
22.2 Security of moorings
22.3 Preparations for arrival
22.4 Berthing at jetty berths
22.5 Berthing at buoy moorings

Chapter 23 Tanker and Terminal Precautions for Cargo Operations
23.1 External openings in superstructures
23.2 Central air conditioning and ventilation systems
23.3 Openings in cargo tanks
23.4 Inspecting a tanker’s cargo tanks before loading
23.5 Marine cargo inspectors
23.6 Tanker and terminal cargo connections
23.7 Spills and leaks
23.8 Firefighting while the ship is alongside a terminal
23.9 Firefighting while in proximity to other ships
23.10 Notices
23.11 Manning requirements
23.12 Control of vehicles and other equipment
23.13 Helicopter operations

Chapter 24 Bunkering Operations
24.1 General
24.2 Bunkering residual fuel oil or distillates
24.3 Liquefied Natural Gas fuelled ships and Liquefied Natural Gas bunkering
24.4 Ancillary substances
24.5 Alternative fuels
24.6 Bunker checklists
24.7 Liquefied natural gas bunkering safety checklists

Chapter 25 The Ship/Shore Safety Checklist
25.1 General
25.2 Composition of the Ship/Shore Safety Checklist
25.3 Example safety letter
25.4 Instructions for completing the Ship/Shore Safety Checklist

ICS
The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) is the principal international trade association for the shipping industry, representing shipowners and operators in all sectors and trades.

ICS membership comprises national shipowners' associations in Asia, Europe and the Americas whose member shipping companies operate over 80% of the world's merchant tonnage.

Established in 1921, ICS is concerned with all technical, legal, employment affairs and policy issues that may affect international shipping.

ICS represents shipowners with the various intergovernmental regulatory bodies that impact on shipping, including the International Maritime Organization.

ICS also develops best practices and guidance, including a wide range of publications and free resources that are used by ship operators globally.

https://www.ics-shipping.org/about-ics/about-ics

OCIMF
The Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) is a voluntary association of oil companies with an interest in the shipment and terminalling of crude oil, oil products, petrochemicals and gas. OCIMF focuses exclusively on preventing harm to people and the environment by promoting best practice in the design, construction and operation of tankers, barges and offshore vessels and their interfaces with terminals.

www.ocimf.org

IAPH
Founded in 1955, the International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH) is a non-profit-making global alliance of 170 ports and 140 port-related organisations covering 90 countries. Its member ports handle more than 60 percent of global maritime trade and around 80 percent of world container traffic. IAPH has consultative NGO status with several United Nations agencies. In 2018, IAPH established the World Ports Sustainability Program (WPSP). Guided by the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals, it aims to unite sustainability efforts of ports worldwide, encouraging international cooperation between all partners involved in the maritime supply chain. WPSP (sustainableworldports.org) covers five main areas of collaboration: energy transition, resilient infrastructure, safety and security, community outreach and governance.