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This practical and easy to understand workbook supports the owner, Master and the ship's crew with cyber security risk management.
It contains comprehensive checklists to support the day-to-day management of onboard cyber security and facilitates collaboration between ships, onshore IT departments and equipment manufacturers.
Cyber risk management should be an inherent part of safety and security and should be considered at all levels of the company, including senior management ashore and onboard personnel.
This Workbook has been designed as a practical, straightforward guide to support the Master and officers on board ship (Part I - Onboard Practical Considerations). It is designed to facilitate understanding and good collaboration between individual ships, onshore IT departments and equipment manufacturers (Part II - Shore Management Considerations). The Workbook may also be useful to the wider maritime industry.
The sixth edition has been produced by Witherbys, BIMCO and the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS).
The Workbook has been fully revised and updated and contains new guidance on:
- Industry guidelines and regulatory requirements, including IACS UR E26 and E27
- cyber security in port
- ship inspections and port state control
- malware detection and prevention
- phishing risks.
Detailed case studies and diagrams have been added to help illustrate cyber risks. The Workbook contains 14 checklists and 7 annexes, including Cyber Security Risk Assessment and Creating a Cyber Security Plan.
Foreword
Harvesting the full potential of data gathering with the implementation of digital technologies and improved connectivity can certainly bring commercial benefits. However, in parallel, cyber criminals are refining their methods and developing techniques that cause disruptions to business and create hazardous situations for ships, their crew, the environment and the cargo.
Building on the latest Guidelines on Cyber Security Onboard Ships (Version 4), the Cyber Security Workbook for On Board Ship Use goes one step further and translates the high-level guidelines into operational tools and checklists for use on board ships. The Workbook is an indispensable complement to the Guidelines and is highly recommended reading for ship officers and shore staff with a cyber security risk management role.
David Loosley
Secretary General and CEO
BIMCO
Cyber attacks are on the rise, with criminals and State actors all setting their sights on shipping. This is a threat we cannot ignore. Our vessels have become more technologically advanced, with the growth of the internet of things and our shipboard systems increasingly connected to the internet and to systems ashore. Today?s modern ships are a target-rich environment for cyber attackers. A number of high-profile incidents on major shipping companies in recent years have demonstrated the serious potential for major disruption to operations and safety for maritime trade. It is essential that shipping remains resilient against these threats if it is to continue to carry the vast bulk of global trade safely and securely.
Awareness of the threat presented by cyber attack to shipping has increased, as have the mechanisms to reduce it. The IMO requirement to include cyber risk management in the Safety Management System from 1st January 2021 has brought cyber risk management into the statutory realm. Class and insurance requirements now also play a role in maintaining the cyber security of ships. Today, the shipping industry is better placed than ever to safeguard the vital service it provides from cyber attack. However, we should not grow complacent; regular risk assessments of your company?s cyber weak spots, training and awareness campaigns for staff and plans for recovery if a cyber attack occurs are all essential to stay resilient to the ever-changing threat landscape.
Cyber security is central to the safe and secure operation of ships and shipping companies, and this guidance provides a comprehensive resource to understand the threat practically and continually mitigate against the risks it presents to maritime transport.
Guy Platten
Secretary General
International Chamber of Shipping
Foreword
Abbreviations/Definitions
Introduction
Section 1 - Regulations and Guidance
1.1 IMO Requirements
1.1.1 Designated Roles and Responsibilities
1.2 The Guidelines on Cyber Security Onboard Ships
1.3 Additional Industry Guidelines
1.3.1 IACS (International Association of Classification Societies)
1.3.2 Non-Governmental Organisaitons (NGOs)
1.4 Regional Regulatory Guidance
1.4.1 UK
1.4.2 EU
1.4.3 USA
1.5 Guidance on Mitigation Strategies for IT
1.5.1 Essential Eight Maturity Model
1.5.2 Cyber Essentials
1.5.3 IMO Insider Threat Toolkit
Part One - Onboard Practical Considerations
Section 2 - Identifying Risks
2.1 Vulnerable Ship Systems
2.2 What is a Maritime Cyber Attack?
2.3 Threats
2.4 Types of Cyber Attack
2.5 Social Engineering
2.5.1 Tailgating
2.5.2 Email Phishing
2.5.3 Spear Phishing
2.5.4 Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
2.5.5 Phone or text messages
2.5.6 Multi-Factor Authentication Phishing
2.6 Ransomware
Section 3 - Protection and Prevention: General Principles
3.1 Prevention of Malware Attacks
3.2 Software Updates
3.2.1 Updating Programs that are not Part of the Operating System
3.3 Endpoint Protection/Security Suite
3.3.1 Endpoint Protection Updates
3.3.2 Checking Whether the Endpoint Protection Suite is up to Date
3.3.3 Other Security Tools in Windows
3.4 Passwords
3.4.1 Creating Passwords
3.4.2 Password Length
3.4.3 Managing Passwords
3.4.4 Handover of Passwords
3.4.5 Passkeys
3.4.6 Usernames
3.5 Cyber Security and the SMS
3.5.1 Cyber Security and the Ship Security Plan (SSP)
3.6 Ship Inspections and Port State Control
3.6.1 Focus of Inspections
3.6.2 US Port State Control
3.6.3 European Union
3.6.4 Other Inspections
Section 4 - Crew Considerations and Training
4.1 Key Aspects of Crew Training
4.2 Cyber Security Familiarisation for Crew
4.3 Training for Non-crewmembers
4.4 Designing a Training Programme
4.5 Unintentional Cyber Breaches by the Crew
4.6 Planning a Crew Training Session
4.7 Cyber Security Drills
4.7.1 Generic Drill Scenario
4.8 Social Media
4.9 Travelling in Cyber Safe Mode
Section 5 - Detect, Respond and Recover: General Principles
5.1 Detecting a Cyber Incident
5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.2 Useful Tools Available to Help Detect Possible Malware
5.2 Incident Response
5.2.1 Third-party Support
5.2.2 Cyber Recovery Plan
5.2.3 Backups
Section 6 - External Communications and Ship in Port
6.1 Satellite Communications (Satcom) Equipment
6.1.1 Satcom Passwords
6.1.2 Satcom Visibility on the Public Internet
6.1.3 Satcom Software Updates
6.1.4 Physical Security of the Satellite Terminal
6.1.5 Software Security of the Satellite System
6.2 Cyber Security Risks in Port
6.2.1 Mobile (Cellular) Data Connections
6.2.2 Connecting to Shore WiFi in Port
Section 7 - Ship's Business Systems
7.1 Network Segregation On Board
7.1.1 Segregated Networks
7.1.2 Achieving a Segregated Network
7.1.3 Maintaining a Segregated Network
7.1.4 Benefits of Network Segregation
7.1.5 Vulnerable Systems On Board
7.1.6 Defence in Breadth and Depth
7.2 Wireless Networks On Board
7.2.1 Business WiFi
7.2.2 Crew WiFi
7.2.3 Guest Access
7.2.4 WiFi Network Security
7.2.5 Virtual Private Network (VPN)
7.3 Onboard Business Computers
7.3.1 USB Ports and Drives
7.3.2 USB Port Blockers
7.3.3 USB Cleaning Stations
7.3.4 Tablets
7.3.5 Personal Devices and USB Ports
7.3.6 Configuring Business Computers to Minimise the Risks of Cyber Attack
7.4 Passenger Ship IT Systems
7.4.1 Passenger Services
7.4.2 Other Considerations
Section 8 - OT Systems
8.1 Understanding OT Systems
8.2 Engine Department Considerations
8.3 Cargo Management
8.4 ECDIS Security
8.4.1 Updates
8.4.2 Physical Security
8.4.3 ECDIS Recovery
8.4.4 Recognising Genuine NAVTEX Messages
8.4.5 Digital navigational data system (NAVDAT)
8.5 GNSS Security
8.5.1 GNSS Input Data
8.6 Other Bridge Systems
8.6.1 VDR
8.6.2 AIS
Part Two - Shore Management Considerations
Section 9 - Key Considerations
9.1 Cooperation Between the Office Departments and their Suppliers
9.1.1 IT Department and Technical Department
9.1.2 Securing the Supply Chain
9.1.3 Company Cyber Security Working Group
9.2 Cooperation Between the Office and the Ship?s Crew
9.2.1 Maritime Cyber Security Management
9.2.2 Cyber Security and the Safety Management System (SMS)
9.2.3 Cyber Security and the Ship Security Plan (SSP)
9.2.4 Onboard Resources According to Ship Type
9.3 Ship's Network Architecture
9.3.1 IDMZ
9.3.2 Data Diodes (Unidirectional Gateways)
Section 10 - OT Systems Management
10.1 OT Asset Management and Risk Assessment
10.1.1 Asset Management
10.1.2 Asset Risk Assessment
10.2 Securing OT Systems
10.3 Securing the Ethernet IP Network Used by OT Systems
10.3.1 Converter Security
10.4 Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
Section 11 - IT Systems Management
11.1 Remote Access
11.1.1 Protection Measures
11.2 Vulnerability Scanning (Cyber Audit)
11.2.1 Performing a Vulnerability Scan
11.3 Penetration (Pen) Testing
11.3.1 Carrying out a Pen Test
11.3.2 Benefits of a Pen Test
11.4 Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR)
11.4.1 Extended Detection and Response (XDR)
11.5 Disaster Recovery from Backup
11.5.1 Backup Strategy
11.6 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) for IT/OT Systems
Checklists
Checklist 1 - Cyber Security Familiarisation for New Crewmembers
Checklist 2 - Cyber Security Crew Training
Checklist 3 - Detecting a Cyber Incident
Checklist 4 - Responding to a Cyber Incident On Board
Checklist 5 - Onboard Business Computer
Checklist 6 - Network Segregation
Checklist 7 - Networks (Wireless and Wired)
Checklist 8 - Satellite Communications
Checklist 9 - OT Systems for Crew
Checklist 10 - ECDIS Cyber Security
Checklist 11 - Cyber Security Checks on the Navigation Bridge
Checklist 12 - Asset Management and Risk Assessment
Checklist 13 - OT Systems for IT Department
Checklist 14 - Remote Access
BIMCO
BIMCO is the world's largest direct-membership organisation for shipowners, charterers, shipbrokers and agents. In total, around 60% of the world?s merchant fleet is a BIMCO member, measured by tonnage (weight of the unloaded ships).
The organisation has NGO status and is based in Copenhagen, Denmark, with offices in Athens, Singapore and Shanghai.
With around 1900 member companies across 120 countries, from the largest shipowners in the world to small local port agents and law firms, BIMCO represents a wide range of maritime companies and organisations.
BIMCO's goal is to secure a level playing field for the global shipping industry. BIMCO therefore works to promote and secure global standards and regulations for the maritime sector. The organisation?s century long effort into creating standard contracts and clauses is an expression of that aim.
ICS
The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) is the principal international trade association for the shipping industry, representing shipowners and operators in all sectors and trades.
ICS membership comprises national shipowners' associations in Asia, Europe and the Americas whose member shipping companies operate over 80% of the world's merchant tonnage.
Established in 1921, ICS is concerned with all technical, legal, employment affairs and policy issues that may affect international shipping.
ICS represents shipowners with the various intergovernmental regulatory bodies that impact on shipping, including the International Maritime Organization.
ICS also develops best practices and guidance, including a wide range of publications and free resources that are used by ship operators globally.
https://www.ics-shipping.org/about-ics/about-ics
Witherbys
Witherbys titles are developed using scripts developed by technical experts that are peer reviewed within work groups. Typically, they seek to improve understanding of the regulations, recommendations and guidelines issued by Industry.
Witherbys staff have significant expertise in the fields of navigation and hazardous cargoes as well as in the presentation of complex subjects in a graphic and easy to understand manner.
- Number of Pages:
- 238
- Published Date:
- October 2024
- Book Height:
- 297 mm
- Book Width:
- 0 mm
- Publication Date:
- October 2024
- Author:
Witherbys, BIMCO, ICS
- Weight:
- 2 kg
- ISBN:
- 9781917308083
- Preview:
- Yes
